Chondrogenic and chondroid neoplasms: A practical review and update

Chondrogenic tumors represent the most common group of primary bone neoplasms and may also occur in soft tissue. They encompass a wide spectrum of benign, locally aggressive, and malignant lesions. Histologically, they share the presence of cartilaginous matrix, which may be present in variable amounts. Chondrogenic tumors often show characteristic features on imaging studies, and correlation with radiologic findings is critical, particularly in lesions arising in bone. The term chondroid is often used to refer to both tumors with "true" cartilage matrix and those with cartilage-like stroma, which can introduce some confusion. A number of recurrent molecular alterations helpful for diagnosis have been identified across a range of benign and malignant cartilaginous and chondroid tumors. This review provides a practical approach to chondrogenic and chondroid neoplasia in the bones and soft tissue, emphasizing key clinical, radiologic, histologic, and molecular features and highlighting recently described entities.