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Dietary magnesium intake modified association between visceral adiposity index and chronic kidney disease: a
Xue Wang1, Xiuxia Han1, Rongzhen Kong1
1Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, China.
Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered as one of the major global public health concerns. The visceral adiposity index (VAI), a marker of visceral fat dysfunction, has been associated with CKD in previous reports; however, evidence from U.S. populations remains limited. In addition, the potential modifying role of dietary magnesium intake in this association is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VAI and CKD among U.S. adults and to explore whether dietary magnesium intake modifies this association.
Methods:
A total of 2,616 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2003 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The association between VAI and CKD was evaluated using curve-fitting analyses, multivariable logistic regression models, and subgroup analyses stratified by dietary magnesium intake.
Results:
A significant positive relation between VAI and CKD was observed only among individuals with low dietary magnesium intake. In this group, each one-unit increase in VAI was associated with higher odds of CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.18; P < 0.001) after adjustment for potential confounders. In contrast, no significant relation was observed among individuals with high dietary magnesium intake (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.96-1.10; P = 0.252).
Conclusions:
Higher VAI is significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD among U.S. adults with low dietary magnesium intake. Adequate magnesium consumption may attenuate the adverse association between visceral adiposity and kidney health.