The Role of Autoimmune Diseases in the Development of Aortic Aneurysms

Aortic aneurysms are abnormal dilations of the aortic wall and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In many cases, especially when the thoracic aorta is involved, the first and only symptom is sudden death. While aortic aneurysms are traditionally associated with factors such as advanced age, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, growing evidence points to a critical role for autoimmune diseases in their pathogenesis. The hallmarks of autoimmune disorders, such as chronic systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and vascular tissue remodeling, can create a pro-aneurysmal environment within the vasculature. This review explores the complex interplay between autoimmune diseases and aortic aneurysm formation, focusing on pathogenic mechanisms, specific disease associations, and implications for diagnosis and management. A better understanding of these relationships is vital for advancing therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating vascular complications in affected patients.