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Developing a Theory-Based Sleep Hygiene Education Intervention for Adults with Insomnia: An Intervention Mapping and
Yan Yi Fong1, Ying Xiong1, Jia Yin Ruan2
1School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
Study Objectives:
Sleep hygiene education (SHE) is commonly used in insomnia management, yet its observed effectiveness is modest, potentially reflecting limitations in its implementation, including simplified content, limited standardization, and suboptimal delivery formats. This study aimed to systematically develop a theory-based SHE program for adults with insomnia.
Methods:
The SHE intervention was developed following Phase I of the Medical Research Council framework and operationalized using Steps 1-4 of intervention mapping. Stakeholders, including 10 experts and 10 individuals with insomnia, were engaged throughout development to review and validate the program content, enhance its acceptability, and ensure its appropriateness.
Results:
The resulting theory-based SHE program comprises two integrated components: (1) an educational module addressing insomnia knowledge, evidence-based sleep hygiene behaviors, and self-regulatory strategies for initiating and sustaining practice; and (2) brief follow-up telephone consultations designed to reinforce adherence and support implementation planning. Experts and individuals with insomnia endorsed the program's overall appropriateness, with minor refinements suggested for specific elements.
Conclusion:
This study presents a structured development and content validation of a theory-driven SHE program informed by behavioral science, empirical evidence, and stakeholder input. The intervention targets key limitations of traditional SHE approaches and provides a strong foundation for future feasibility testing.