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Updated: Oct 13, 2026

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

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One-Pot Construction of Amine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks via Photoredox-Catalyzed Reductive Amination

Zhi Chen1, Zi-Ran Liu1, Jin-Qiu Li1

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 11, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
amine‐linked covalent organic frameworkshydroxylation of arylboronic acidsphotocatalysisphotocatalytic synthesisphotoredox‐catalyzed reductive amination

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Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
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The Hofmann and Curtius rearrangement reactions can be applied to synthesize primary amines from carboxylic acid derivatives such as amides and acyl azides. In the Hofmann rearrangement, a primary amide undergoes deprotonation in the presence of a base, followed by halogenation to generate an N-haloamide. A second proton abstraction produces a stabilized anionic species, which rearranges to an isocyanate intermediate via an alkyl group migration from the carbonyl carbon to the neighboring...
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Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
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