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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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A staged clinical development and evidence-generation framework for Group A Streptococcus vaccines

Alberto Cagigi1, Annette Kraus2, T Anh Wartel2

  • 1International Vaccine Institute, Europe Regional Office, Solna, Sweden. alberto.cagigi@ivi.int.

NPJ Vaccines
|October 11, 2026
PubMed

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