Rapid weight loss practices and methods among Mongolian judo athletes

Rapid weight loss is prevalent and potentially hazardous in combat sports; however, evidence among Mongolian athletes remains limited. This study characterized rapid weight loss practices among Mongolian judo athletes and compared behavioral practices and social influences between Limited-Method-Use and Combined-Method-Use profiles.

This cross-sectional study included 100 competitive Mongolian judo athletes. Of the 81 athletes who reported rapid weight loss, hierarchical cluster analysis classified 57 as Limited-Method-Use and 24 as Combined-Method-Use based on 12 weight-cutting modalities.

Pre-competition rapid weight loss was reported by 81.0% of participants. Compared with the Limited-Method-Use group, the Combined-Method-Use group had greater body mass reduction (6.86% vs. 5.25%, p = 0.001) and post-competition body mass regain (6.62% vs. 5.04%, p = 0.001). The Combined-Method-Use group relied heavily on multifaceted dietary restrictions and thermal dehydration methods [sauna, fluid restriction, and plastic suit training (all p < 0.05)]. Regression analysis identified total body mass reduction percentage as the sole significant predictor of weight regain (β = 0.647, p < 0.001). Coaches and teammates were the primary social influences, whereas healthcare professionals had limited influence.

Rapid weight loss is deeply embedded as a normative practice within the Mongolian judo community, with many competitors adopting aggressive, dehydration-driven methodologies. The strong association between weight cuts and severe weight regain highlights the hazardous nature of these practices. These insights underscore the critical need for evidence-based sports nutrition education and preventative screenings targeting athletes and coaching staff.