Adrenal Masses in a Moroccan Tertiary Center: A 14-Year Retrospective Study of 200 Patients

Objectives Adrenal masses are increasingly detected and encompass a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and pathological diagnoses. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, etiological, and therapeutic profiles of patients with adrenal masses. Materials and methods This single-center retrospective descriptive study included consecutive eligible patients hospitalized for adrenal masses at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases, and Nutrition of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez, Morocco, between January 2009 and January 2023. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records between January and February 2023. Results A total of 200 patients were included, with a mean age of 49 years and a predominance of female patients (n = 142, 71%). The most common circumstance of discovery was adrenal incidentaloma (n = 110, 55%). The etiological diagnoses were non-secreting adenoma (n = 73, 36.5%), pheochromocytoma (n = 33, 16.5%), Conn's adenoma (n = 22, 11%), cortisol-secreting adenoma (n = 20, 10%), adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 18, 9%), adrenal metastases (n = 13, 6.5%), adrenal cysts (n = 7, 3.5%), lymphoma (n = 5, 2.5%), myelolipoma (n = 4, 2%), ganglioneuroma (n = 2, 1%), schwannoma (n = 2, 1%), and oncocytic adenoma (n = 1, 0.5%). Surgical treatment was performed in 80 patients (40%), documented clinical and biological surveillance was performed in 43 patients (21.5%), and 10 patients (5%) received palliative treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates the diversity of adrenal mass etiologies and clinical presentations and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach.