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Some surface-active agents and their virucidal effect on foot-and-mouth disease virus
Abstract:
Selected cationic and anionic surface-active compounds were tested to determine their virucidal effect on the foot-and-mouth disease virus, type O, strain M11, propagated in primary calf kidney cells. The chemical inactivation of the virus was tested with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0% concentrations of the selected compounds. Virus controls with pH adjusted to cover the expected range of the mixtures of the chemicals and virus were also tested. The absence of virus from the mixtures of chemical and virus after reaction at 28 C for 2 hr was assayed by inoculating suckling mice with the mixtures. One cationic compound, alkyl methyl isoquinilinium chloride, showed considerable antiviral activity due largely to pH effect. The use of the surface-active agents investigated in this study, in the presence of organic material, would not be recommended as virucides.
Insights
This study evaluated surface-active compounds for foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivation. Alkyl methyl isoquinilinium chloride showed antiviral activity, primarily due to pH effects, not recommended for use with organic materials.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Antiviral Agents
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a significant threat to livestock.
- Virucidal agents are crucial for controlling FMDV outbreaks.
- Surface-active compounds are explored for their potential virucidal properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the virucidal efficacy of selected cationic and anionic surface-active compounds against FMDV type O.
- To investigate the role of pH in the antiviral activity of these compounds.
- To determine the suitability of these agents as virucides in practical applications.
Main Methods:
- FMDV (type O, strain M11) propagated in calf kidney cells.
- Exposure of virus to varying concentrations (0.5-5.0%) of surface-active compounds.
- Assay of viral infectivity in suckling mice post-treatment.
- Control experiments included pH adjustments.
Main Results:
- One cationic compound, alkyl methyl isoquinilinium chloride, exhibited antiviral activity.
- The observed activity was largely attributed to the pH-modifying effect of the compound.
- No significant virucidal effect was noted for the tested surface-active agents.
Conclusions:
- Alkyl methyl isoquinilinium chloride's antiviral effect is primarily pH-dependent.
- Surface-active agents tested are not recommended as effective virucides, especially in the presence of organic matter.
- Further research into pH-independent virucidal mechanisms is warranted.