Atopic Dermatitis and Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes in Infants and Toddlers: A U.S. Population-Based Study

Moshe Schneiderman1, Kristina M Derrick1

  • 1From the *Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Early Emotional Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:31

Early Emotional Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional development follows an orderly progression in which complex emotions emerge from simpler, primary emotional states. Soon after birth, infants display primary emotions such as contentment, interest, and distress. During the first six months, these broad states become increasingly differentiated, developing into recognizable emotions such as joy, surprise, and sadness. This progression reflects the infant’s growing neurological maturation.Crying and Emotional CommunicationCrying is one...
Social Referencing During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:27

Social Referencing During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Social referencing is the process by which infants and young children use others’ emotional reactions to determine how to respond to unfamiliar or uncertain situations. Caregivers provide cues through facial expressions, tone of voice, and behavior, helping children judge whether an object or event is safe, threatening, or enjoyable. This ability supports emotional development, social learning, and adaptation to the surrounding environment.Development of Social ReferencingSocial referencing...
Crying Patterns During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:28

Crying Patterns During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Crying is an important form of communication during infancy, and different crying patterns can signal different needs or states. Infants can produce different cries associated with hunger, anger, and pain. These patterns vary in rhythm, intensity, and onset, helping caregivers recognize what an infant may be expressing.Types of Infant CriesThe basic cry is often associated with hunger. It typically follows a rhythmic sequence of crying, a brief pause, and an inward breath. This inhalation may...