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Updated: Oct 14, 2026
Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants
Published on: June 24, 2018
Surface Properties, Color Stability, and Bacterial Adhesion of Implant-Supported Provisional Restorative Materials:
Júlia Bárbara Medeiros Galvão1, Richelle Nunes Costa1, Aliane da Silva Bezerra1
1Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Objectives:
To evaluate surface roughness, wettability, color stability, and bacterial adhesion of different materials used in implant-supported provisional restorations.
Materials And Methods:
Eighty samples (6 × 6 × 2 mm ± 0.2 mm) were fabricated and distributed into four groups (n = 20): Bis-acryl composite resin (BCR); CAD-CAM PMMA resin (Milled); Auto-polymerized acrylic resin (APR); prefabricated acrylic tooth (PT). Surface roughness was measured using a 3D optical profilometer, wettability by the sessile drop method, and color stability with a spectrophotometer after immersion in distilled water and coffee. Bacterial adhesion was assessed through Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and quantified spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results:
Bis-acryl composite resin (BCR) showed the lowest surface roughness, while prefabricated acrylic tooth (PT) exhibited higher roughness and contact angle values (p < 0.001) and the greatest color change (ΔE ≥ 3.3). BCR demonstrated the highest bacterial adhesion, whereas CAD-CAM PMMA resin (Milled) showed the lowest adhesion.
Conclusions:
The behavior of provisional restorative materials is influenced by their composition, affecting surface, optical, and biological performance. Lower surface roughness did not result in reduced biofilm formation. CAD/CAM-milled and Auto-polymerized resins showed more favorable overall performance.
