Dynamic Alignment in Human Prosthesis: Review on Methods, Devices, and Applications

Dynamic alignment refers to the process of adjusting prosthetic components during the user's gait. Recently, there has been increasing focus on this area due to its critical role in restoring natural limb movement and meeting individual user needs. This review aims to examine the various devices, methods, and techniques reported in the literature for assessing dynamic alignment. The review is structured to address dynamic alignment in human prostheses, including techniques for measuring forces and moments, the effects on gait cycle parameters, external influences, and alignment adjustment devices. A key contribution of this review is highlighting aspects of optimal alignment, which are associated with improved gait stability, reduced compensatory movements, and decreased physical effort during walking. Advances in modern prosthetic devices, incorporating smart sensors and advanced algorithms, indicate a promising direction for the field. Current research also underscores the need for more precise and reliable mechanisms to perform dynamic alignment effectively.