[Imaging of pulmonary nodules: A diagnostic approach]

The detection of pulmonary nodules has increased considerably with the widespread use of chest-computed tomography and the development of low-dose CT lung cancer screening. The pulmonary nodule represents a major diagnostic challenge, requiring rigorous evaluation in order to distinguish benign from malignant lesions while limiting unnecessary invasive investigations. Analysis relies on precise morphological characterization (density, size, margins), assessment of persistence and growth over time, and integration of the clinical context. The Fleischner Society guidelines and the protocols derived from organized screening programs now form the basis of standardized management. This article provides a detailed review of the radiological criteria, decision-making algorithms, and the role of transthoracic needle biopsy in the management of pulmonary nodules.