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Updated: Oct 15, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
A Universal Spin-Polarization-Engineered Antibonding-Orbital Modulation Paradigm for Accelerating Reaction Kinetics
Yong Zhao1, Junlan Fang2, Shuyang Qiu1
1State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Abstract:
Conversion-type anode materials hold great promise for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), yet their practical rate performance is fundamentally constrained by sluggish reaction kinetics beyond mass-transport limitations. Despite notable advances in accelerating ion/electron transport, intrinsically reducing the large reaction kinetic barrier and activation energy associated with robust metal-chalcogen (M─S) bonds remains a long-standing challenge. In this study, we propose a universal spin-polarization-engineered (SPE) antibonding-orbital modulation paradigm to fundamentally regulate M─S bond strength and enable ultrahigh-rate sodium storage. As a proof of concept, magnetic manganese heteroatom doping into heterojunctions enhances the saturation magnetization by ∼210%, inducing a spin-state transition from low-spin to high-spin configurations, which increases the electron occupation of antibonding orbitals formed between metal eg orbitals and chalcogen p orbitals, and thereby regulates M─S bond strength. Benefiting from this spin-engineered electronic reconstruction, Mn-FeS2/CoS2 anode delivers an ultrahigh-rate capability of 300 mA h g-1 at 120 A g-1, together with exceptional long-term durability (∼100% retention over 13 000 cycles at 100 A g-1), ranking among the best record. The generality of this strategy is further validated by extending SPE modulation to other magnetic dopants. Moreover, the industrial-level pouch cell is assembled to demonstrate the practical potential of this strategy.
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