Current status and future outlook of artificial intelligence and automation in intravenous infusion systems

The combination of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and wearable biosensors is transforming healthcare by allowing continuous, real-time monitoring and more intelligent clinical decision-making. This review explores AI-driven monitoring, smart intravenous (IV) infusion automation, and wearable biosensors, and proposes Intelligent IV Automation and Smart Patient Synchronization (INFUSYNC), a conceptual framework synchronizing monitoring, automated fluid delivery, and predictive analytics. The literature shows meaningful progress: wearables increasingly support non-contact monitoring with near clinical-grade accuracy for select parameters, while infusion pumps with dose-error-reduction and AI-assisted decision support are reported to improve delivery precision and safety. Predictive models further support early detection of physiological decline. Progress remains uneven, however: most AI-enabled infusion systems are prototype-stage, closed-loop control remains rare, and interoperability, data security, and privacy remain underdeveloped. Future systems will need compatible, security-by-design, clinically validated, feedback-controlled architectures. Overall, this review outlines a clear but early-stage trajectory toward integrated smart-health environments for IV therapy.