Long-Lifespan Polyorganosiloxane-Based Silicone Evaporator for High-Efficiency Seawater Desalination

Conventional evaporators suffer from poor mechanical strength, salt crystallization, and degradation in sea water. We design a white polyorganosiloxane-based solar evaporator (PDMSE) that exploits silicone's unique attributes. These include chemical inertness, anti‑corrosion, high flexibility, and chemical resistance. Such characteristics ensure structural integrity and anti‑fouling performance under harsh brine conditions. The white surface combined with a reflector enables efficient light scattering and heat localization. Reflector-equipped PDMSE achieves evaporation rates of 4.344 kg m^-2 h^-1 at 1 sun and 8.087 kg m^-2 h^-1 at 3 suns in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. It shows no salt accumulation over 8 h operation and maintains stable cycling for 53 days. Moreover, PDMSE withstands seawater immersion for 197 days without degradation. The evaporator also purifies sea water to World Health Organization drinking standards. This work provides a durable and scalable silicone‑based strategy for high‑performance desalination.