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Updated: Oct 17, 2026
Intrastriatal Injection of Autologous Blood or Clostridial Collagenase as Murine Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Published on: July 3, 2014
Development and Validation of a Human Cadaveric Model for Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Nishanth Krishnan1, Yigit C Senol1, Prabhat Kumar1
1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Background And Objectives:
To develop and validate an anatomically accurate human cadaveric intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model that replicates the radiographic and mechanical properties of spontaneous lobar ICH, enabling training and testing of minimally invasive surgical evacuation techniques.
Methods:
Human-derived thrombi were created using mixtures of banked human packed red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, and iodinated contrast. Thrombi with physiologic viscoelastic properties were identified through rheometric analysis benchmarked against patient-derived intraoperative ICH specimens. Fresh, never-frozen cadaveric head-and-neck specimens were obtained via the institutional willed body program. After partial embalming, transorbital surgical corridors enabled clot placement in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, while an infratentorial midline mini-craniotomy was used to insert occipital lobe clots.
Results:
Human-derived clots composed of 95% fresh-frozen plasma most closely mimicked the mechanical properties of real ICH specimens. Transorbital and occipital approaches allowed for precise, reproducible hematoma placement. Flat-panel computed tomography imaging provided sufficient radiodensity contrast to delineate the clot from the surrounding brain parenchyma.
Conclusion:
We report the first human cadaveric lobar ICH model using rheologically validated, surgically implanted human-derived clots. This model provides a reproducible platform for device evaluation, procedural development, and training in minimally invasive surgical evacuation of ICH.
