Model species driving conservation technologies: twenty years of reproductive research for neotropical wildlife...

Over the last two decades, reproductive research conducted primarily in Neotropical wildlife species from the Brazilian Caatinga has evolved from descriptive studies of reproductive biology into an integrated framework for biodiversity conservation. The trajectory described herein illustrates how basic reproductive physiology, when systematically linked to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), can generate practical conservation tools. Initial investigations focused on reproductive anatomy, endocrinology, spermatogenesis, follicular dynamics, and reproductive behavior. These studies provided the foundation for the development of species-specific methods for semen collection, sperm evaluation, estrous monitoring, hormonal manipulation, cryopreservation, in vitro culture, and xenotransplantation. Subsequent advances expanded conservation efforts from gamete preservation to gonadal tissue biobanking, ultimately supporting the establishment of integrated genetic resource conservation strategies. Using species from the Caatinga as experimental models, including collared peccaries, red-rumped agoutis, Spix's yellow-toothed cavies, six-banded armadillos, greater rheas, and other taxa, this research program generated knowledge applicable to a broad range of Neotropical wild species. Beyond summarizing scientific achievements, this article presents lessons learned during twenty years of research and discusses future opportunities involving advanced biobanking and the use of emerging assisted reproduction technologies. The experience demonstrates that long-term, species-centered programs can serve as effective pathways for transforming biological knowledge into conservation solutions.