The association between childhood maltreatment and emotion recognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Fée O Fuchs1, Annika C Konrad2, Philipp Kanske2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg.

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Early Emotional Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:31

Early Emotional Development During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional development follows an orderly progression in which complex emotions emerge from simpler, primary emotional states. Soon after birth, infants display primary emotions such as contentment, interest, and distress. During the first six months, these broad states become increasingly differentiated, developing into recognizable emotions such as joy, surprise, and sadness. This progression reflects the infant’s growing neurological maturation.Crying and Emotional CommunicationCrying is one...
Social Referencing During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:27

Social Referencing During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Social referencing is the process by which infants and young children use others’ emotional reactions to determine how to respond to unfamiliar or uncertain situations. Caregivers provide cues through facial expressions, tone of voice, and behavior, helping children judge whether an object or event is safe, threatening, or enjoyable. This ability supports emotional development, social learning, and adaptation to the surrounding environment.Development of Social ReferencingSocial referencing...
Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion

Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that emotions are not solely...
Physiology of Emotion01:20

Physiology of Emotion

The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
Labeling Emotion01:20

Labeling Emotion

Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...