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Updated: Oct 17, 2026

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
Published on: July 12, 2012
Epigenetic mechanisms in brain development and in neurodegeneration
Yiyi Ma1, Kevin W Chen1, Philip DE Jager1
1Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
Abstract:
Epigenetic mechanisms are important heritable modifications beyond genetic mechanisms. Interindividual epigenetic variants can lead to phenotypic variations even in identical genotypes. Studies on the epigenetic contributions to Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases could provide more comprehensive and precise insights into the heritable and nonheritable mechanisms. This knowledge will enable the development of individually tailored preventive and therapeutic pharmacologic interventions. This chapter is divided into three sections. First, we provide a detailed introduction to four epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and microRNAs. Next, we review published studies that explore the contributions of these epigenetic modifications to Alzheimer disease. Finally, we summarize the current understanding of each epigenetic modification and its influence on the development of the central nervous system.
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