Electrospinning-Enabled Functional Components for Advanced Zinc-Based Batteries: From Structural Design to Interface...

Electrospun structural nanofibers have attracted increasing attention in zinc-based batteries owing to their high porosity, interconnected conductive networks, tunable architectures, and versatile material compatibility. By simultaneously regulating ion transport, structural evolution, and interfacial reactions, these functional materials provide effective solutions to critical challenges, including zinc dendrite growth, sluggish reaction kinetics, structural degradation, and interfacial instability. Therefore, this review summarizes recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for high-performance zinc-based batteries from the perspective of ion-spatial-interfacial synergistic regulation. The relationships between electrospinning strategies for fiber architectures and electrochemical functionalities are presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on porous, hollow, multichannel, core-shell, and hierarchical structures. Representative approaches, mainly including precursor engineering, template-assisted construction, and post-treatment modification, are highlighted to illustrate the controllable design of functional nanofibers. Furthermore, the applications of electrospun nanofibers in zinc anodes, cathodes, separators, electrolytes, and air electrodes are systematically reviewed. Finally, some key structure-function relationships are summarized to provide some insights into the rational design of advanced electrospun materials for high-performance zinc-based energy-storage systems.