Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Musculoskeletal Oncology: Current Concepts, Barriers, and the Future

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) remain underutilized in musculoskeletal oncology, with only 4.9% of tumor-focused articles incorporating them. This review synthesizes current PROM instruments-including Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, PROMIS, and emerging tools such as the Sarcoma Assessment Measure-and identifies barriers unique to this population, including psychological distress, workflow complexity, and disease heterogeneity. Future directions include flexible baseline collection, EHR-integrated dashboards, national registry linkage, wearable technology, and AI-driven processing to increase PROMs utilization.