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Updated: Oct 17, 2026

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis
Published on: May 14, 2013
Recurrent In-Stent Restenosis and Accelerated Neoatherosclerosis in a Middle-Aged Woman With High Inflammatory Burden
Wenhao Li1, Wenqi Han1, Zhenyu Wang1
1Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
Background:
Recurrent in-stent restenosis (ISR) driven by accelerated neoatherosclerosis and high residual inflammatory risk remains a formidable clinical challenge.
Case Summary:
A 50-year-old noncompliant, obese, diabetic woman presented with recurrent multivessel ISR. Intravascular ultrasound confirmed intrastent thin-cap fibroatheromas. Despite multiple drug-coated balloon interventions, intensive lipid-lowering via inclisiran, and glycemic control with tirzepatide, she suffered relentless ISR driven by highly elevated interleukin-6. She received advanced anti-inflammatory therapies and was referred for bypass surgery.
Discussion:
Literature highlights that targeting upstream inflammation is critical when standard therapies fail to halt malignant neoatherosclerosis. This case interests readers by demonstrating compliance optimization via long-acting agents and navigating advanced anti-inflammatory pathways (colchicine escalation, canakinumab) for refractory ISR.
Take-Home Messages:
Biomarkers like interleukin-6 must be evaluated in refractory ISR; persistent residual inflammation warrants advanced anti-inflammatory therapies or early surgical revascularization.
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