High-Rate Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution under Intense Noise

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a promising path toward practical quantum communication, but current high-performance demonstrations come at prohibitive overhead and isolated environments. Here, we present a high-speed MDI-QKD system operating at an unprecedented repetition frequency of 2.5 GHz and verify its strong noise tolerance by incorporating the advantage distillation method. The secure key is efficiently generated under 425 kHz noise counts, which is 4 orders of magnitude higher than isolated systems. A secure key rate with a kbps level is achieved under 30 dB channel attenuation without bulky, resource-intensive detection devices. Our Letter establishes a complete practical solution for QKD deployment and resolves the persistent difficulty of realizing practical quantum secure networks with advanced security, a high key rate, environmental robustness, and physical compactness.