Triple Vector-Borne Co-infection During Pregnancy in the United Arab Emirates: A Case Report at 21 Weeks' Gestation

Pregnancy is a unique physiological state characterised by altered immune responses that may predispose women to severe manifestations of infection. Vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue pose significant risks to pregnant women and their foetuses, including miscarriage, preterm labour, placental abruption, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Co-infection with multiple vector-borne pathogens is extremely rare but can exacerbate maternal morbidity and complicate foetal outcomes. This case report aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and maternal and foetal outcomes of a rare triple vector-borne co-infection during pregnancy. A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 21 weeks of gestation presented with a triple vector-borne infection involving Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and dengue virus. Prompt diagnosis was achieved through rapid diagnostic testing for dengue and malarial parasites, followed by antimalarial therapy and symptomatic supportive treatment. The patient showed complete clinical and laboratory recovery, evidenced by improvement in haemoglobin and platelet counts, normalization of liver function parameters, and clearance of parasitaemia. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with multiple vector-borne infections during pregnancy and illustrates the potential value of early recognition, appropriate diagnostic evaluation, multidisciplinary management, and close maternal and foetal monitoring in achieving a favourable clinical outcome.