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Descriptive analysis of pharmacy closures and openings in the United States from 2022-2024
Bella Blankenship1, E Michael Murphy1, Jennifer Rodis1
1The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 500 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH.
Background:
Community pharmacies play a critical role in the U.S. healthcare system. As the reimbursement of dispensing prescriptions has diminished with subsequent community pharmacy business closures, concerns have been raised about declining pharmacy access. Recent studies have highlighted the increasing trend of pharmacy closures, disproportionately affecting independent pharmacies and communities with historically limited healthcare access.
Objective:
This study seeks to fill a gap in published literature by providing a comprehensive, descriptive analysis of community pharmacy openings and closures across the U.S. between 2022 and 2024.
Methods:
This study utilized community pharmacy opening and closure data sourced from the National Council of Prescription Drug Programs' (NCPDP) dataQ dataset to perform a descriptive analysis of pharmacy openings and closures.
Results:
The study found that 4,178 pharmacies in the United States opened between 2022 and 2024, while 7,240 closed. Of these closures, the average length of time the business was in operation prior to closing was 18 years and 8.8 months. During the 2022-2024 study period, analysis shows that after accounting for pharmacy openings, a net loss of 3,062 pharmacies occurred (7,240 closures vs. 4,178 openings). A net loss of 382 independent/franchise pharmacies occurred (3,839 closures vs. 3,457 openings), and a net loss of 2,680 chain stores occurred (3,401 closures vs. 721 openings) during the same period.
Conclusion:
Pharmacy openings and closures reflect the evolving landscape of pharmacy access and build upon current understanding of the complex issues which threaten the sustainability of community pharmacy access in the United States.
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