Efficient and Long-Lasting Seawater Oxidation Over a Sodium Nitroprusside‑Modified NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide

Despite the great potential of direct seawater electrolysis technology in alleviating freshwater scarcity for green hydrogen production, its practical application is severely limited by the degradation of anode catalysts under chloride‑rich conditions. In this study, we report a sodium nitroprusside‑modified NiFe layered double hydroxide on nickel foam (SNP@NiFe LDH/NF) as an anode for alkaline seawater oxidation electrocatalysis. Such SNP@NiFe LDH/NF delivers a current density (j) of 1000 mA cm^-2 at an overpotential of 380 mV. Meanwhile, it demonstrates excellent long‑term durability, sustaining operation for 1100 h at 1000 mA cm^-2 and 900 h at 2000 mA cm^-2, with a total operating time of 2000 h. Furthermore, the anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer constructed using SNP@NiFe LDH/NF and Pt/C/NF as the anode and cathode, respectively, delivers a j of 500 mA cm^-2 at a cell voltage of 2.30 V, while running stably for 600 h.