Barriers to Australian veterinary students choosing an equine career

The equine veterinary profession is experiencing a global recruitment and retention crisis with fewer graduates entering equine practice. We aimed to investigate perceived and actual barriers to Australian veterinary students' considering an equine veterinary career.

A mixed methods design was used. The study population consisted of veterinary students from seven universities in Australia. An online survey was distributed that comprised demographic, Likert-scale and open-ended questions and covered themes of equine experience, perceptions of clients, salary, Higher Education Contribution Scheme debt, and perceptions of workplace culture. Descriptive data analysis was performed. Subsequently, students were invited to participate in Zoom interviews to discuss their experiences. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed in NVivo.

There were 306 online survey responses, of which 239 were complete. Eight Zoom interviews were conducted. Key concerns about equine practice were difficult clients (81%), workplace culture (60%), work-life balance (53%) and long working hours (14%). The perception that one must be 'horsey' to become an equine veterinarian was a dominant theme. Limited early exposure to horses and restricted hands-on opportunities during extramural studies were significant barriers. Recommendations from students included improving clinic culture, supporting 'non-horsey' students, promoting positive equine placements, and providing realistic career pathways.

Addressing cultural attitudes, enhancing student equine exposure and improving work-life balance are critical to attracting and retaining graduates in equine practice. Collaborative action between universities, clinics and industry bodies is essential for a sustainable equine veterinary workforce.