Earth-observation variables identify temperature-centered protein-family covariation across macroalgal genomes

Macroalgal genome-environment associations are difficult to separate from lineage, geography, and uneven genome quality. We describe nine Arabian Gulf genomes and analyze them with 117 published genomes (126 total). We tested protein family (Pfam) profiles against 13 Google Earth Engine variables. Of 87,123 tests, 84 met global Benjamini-Hochberg q < 0.05, and 49 pairs across 30 Pfams retained selected-family q < 0.05 with discovery-consistent direction in all seven post hoc specifications; all 13 pairs meeting global Bonferroni p < 0.05 were retained. The 49 pairs comprised 43 sea surface temperature, five depth, and one distance-to-coast association. PF16087 was positively associated with five temperature summaries, whereas PF12094 and PF01638 were negatively associated with four. A secondary same-site AlphaEarth Foundations crosswalk aligned latent axes A52 and A53 oppositely with five temperature summaries. Together, these analyses place temperature at the center of protein-family covariation in this cohort.