The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) infection. Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of M.TB infection, it still faces significant challenges. The gut microbiota is a highly complex ecosystem that plays an important role in regulating metabolism, immune regulation, and maintaining healthy balance in the human body. More and more studies have found that while gut microbiota regulates the immune regulation process of pulmonary TB through the "gut-lung axis," infection with M.TB can also affect the microbial stability of gut microbiota, thereby affecting host health. This article summarized and discussed the changes of gut flora in TB patients, the possible relationship and impact between gut flora and M.TB infection, and summarized and looked forward to the potential of gut flora in the treatment of TB, in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of gut microorganisms in anti-M.TB infection.