Co-localized microwave-to-optical transduction via electrostatic actuation

Microwave-to-optical transduction bridges microwave photons used in superconducting quantum circuits and optical photons suitable for long-distance transmission, making it a key enabling technology for distributed quantum networks. Scalable implementation, however, requires device architectures that combine practical conversion performance with low fabrication complexity, whereas many existing approaches rely on heterogeneous material integration. Here, we demonstrate a co-localized microwave-to-optical transducer that integrates electrostatic excitation, mechanical mediation, and optical readout within a single optomechanical cavity. The electrostatic actuator is implemented using only a single metallization layer, reducing device complexity and avoiding the need for separate electromechanical and optomechanical resonators. This compact, fabrication-friendly architecture offers a practical route toward scalable integrated microwave photonics and future chip-scale microwave-to-optical interfaces for hybrid quantum systems.