Family History of Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the available literature on the prevalence of a family history of eating disorders (ED) among individuals with EDs.

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and APA PsycInfo. Studies were included if they reported prevalence estimates of a family history of EDs. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Study selection was conducted through independent, blinded screening by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results were synthesised narratively and pooled using meta-analysis of prevalence estimates.

A total of 45 studies (N = 47,045) were included in the review, of which 32 were eligible for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis estimated that 18.1% of individuals with an ED had one or more relatives with a current or past ED. Considerable between-study heterogeneity was observed, although there was no evidence of publication bias.

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that EDs aggregate within families, particularly among first-degree relatives, supporting familial liability to EDs. These findings underscore the importance of considering family history in both clinical assessment and future research. Further studies are needed to address evidence gaps and to place greater emphasis on underrepresented populations.