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Updated: Oct 22, 2026

Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
Published on: October 14, 2025
Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease: emerging biology, therapeutics, and roadmap for precision treatment
Virginia Solitano1, Lorenzo Bertani2, Clelia Di Salvo3
1Division of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD) remains difficult to treat despite integrated medical and surgical management, and no validated biomarkers are currently available to guide pharmacological treatment selection. Recent single-cell, spatial, and multiomic studies have identified immune, stromal, epithelial, and microbial features across fistula tissue and rectal mucosa, expanding the biological characterization of PFCD. In this review, we examine how these molecular advances refine the biological understanding of PFCD and inform the evaluation of current and emerging pharmacological strategies. We critically assess the efficacy, safety, and strength of clinical evidence across distinct therapeutic approaches. We also discuss how molecular insights could support biomarker development for patient stratification and treatment selection, alongside anatomical phenotype, surgical context, and standardized multidimensional assessment of fistula healing.
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