Bridging Biosensing and Hardware-Level Data Security With a Conjugated Radical Polymer

The integration of biological signal processing with hardware-level data security remains a fundamental challenge in bioelectronic systems, where sensing and data protection are typically implemented as separate functional layers. Here, we present a conjugated radical polymer platform that exhibits stochastic electronic behavior and bioelectronic signal transduction within a single material system. The system displays stochastic resistive switching associated with its complex electronic structure and structural disorder, which enables physical unclonable function characteristics with uniqueness and uniformity approaching the ideal value of 50%. In parallel, the same material exhibits electrochemical signal transduction in an organic electrochemical transistor configuration, allowing highly sensitive dopamine detection with a detection limit of ∼10 pM, and a preferential response over the tested interferents. Systematic analysis indicates that the sensing response is consistent with redox-mediated coupling between dopamine and the radical-containing backbone. By establishing a material-level strategy that links stochastic electronic functionality and bioelectronic sensing, this work provides a pathway toward secure, adaptive, and biointegrated electronic systems.