Nanoarchitectonics With Static-Dynamic Synergistic Interfacial Remediation for Practical Zinc Metal Batteries

Aqueous zinc metal batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage because of their high safety and low cost, yet their practical deployment remains limited by dendrite growth, parasitic reactions, and the gradual failure of interfacial protection during prolonged cycling. Here, we report a static-dynamic synergistic interfacial remediation strategy in which a preconstructed In/Sb interfacial layer is coupled with a dynamically responsive electrolyte additive to mitigate continuous interfacial degradation. Specifically, a dual-phase In/Sb composite layer (ISZ) is formed on Zn by spontaneous galvanic replacement, providing a compact and chemically stable interface that promotes uniform Zn deposition and suppresses side reactions. Meanwhile, In³⁺ in the electrolyte dynamically participates in anode-side regulation during cycling, assisting defect-responsive interfacial regeneration. Owing to this synergy, the ISZ-In³⁺ system delivers both improved initial deposition behavior and sustained interfacial stability during repeated plating/stripping. Symmetric cells operate stably for nearly 6000 h at low areal capacity, for about 500 h under 40 mA cm^-2/20 mAh cm^-2, and for over 1000 h at an ultrahigh Zn utilization rate of 95%. This strategy is further extended to Br₂/Zn batteries, where pouch cells stably operate for nearly 3600 h and 700 h at areal capacities of 12.5 and 25 mAh cm^-2, respectively. In addition, a 1 Ah pouch cell delivers stable cycling over 3600 h, and a low-N/P pouch cell (N/P = 1.46) cycles for nearly 1400 h, while a 400 mAh pouch cell achieves a component-level energy density of about 80 Wh kg^-1, excluding the electrolyte and pouch packaging. This work provides a practical interfacial design strategy for high-capacity, long-life aqueous Zn batteries.