[Psychological and ethical determinants of professional burnout in healthcare workers: a systematic review]

Professional burnout of medical personnel is recognized as a systemic factor that threatens patient safety and human resource sustainability of healthcare. The modern scientific paradigm shifts the focus from individual stress tolerance of a specialist to organizational and ethical determinants, including the concept of moral trauma.

To analyze the psychological and ethical factors of burnout among medical professionals based on the synthesis of relevant empirical data.

A systematic review of the literature for the period 2019-2026 has been carried out. The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE databases, RSCI, and specialized repositories using the PRISMA 2020 protocol. The selection criteria included the availability of empirical results obtained using validated instruments for measuring burnout and moral distress in doctors and nurses. The review includes 25 publications.

It has been established that systemic deficiencies in the organization of work are transformed into ethical distress. The prevalence of burnout in the professional environment reaches 61%. The key psychological trigger is depersonalization, which increases in conditions of resource scarcity and management conflicts. Burnout is directly correlated with a decrease in the quality of communication and the formalization of patient care. Of particular importance is the phenomenon of moral injury, which is associated with a violation of professional values under administrative pressure. The predominance of cross-sectional studies in the analyzed data set limits the possibility of unambiguously establishing the causal dynamics between the identified determinants and the development of the syndrome.

Burnout prevention requires a shift from individual training to systemic changes in the organizational environment and the introduction of ethical support tools for staff.