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Myxovirus dissemination by air
Abstract:
Myxoviruses including 150 strains of parainfluenza 1, 15 of parainfluenza 3 and five of influenza B virus were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 300 children less than 3 years of age who developed acute laryngotracheobronchitis during the preceding 48 hours. The patients were examined between October 1966 and January 1967, the peak monthly rate of virus isolation (67%) occurring during January. Parainfluenza 1 virus was isolated from air obtained in the vicinity of one of 30 children whose nasopharyngeal secretions yielded this agent. Samples comprising 150 litres of air were collected for virus assay by placing an Andersen sampler about 60 cm. from the child's face inside an oxygen tent which surrounded the patient. These findings confirm previous observations that parainfluenza 1 virus is the dominant agent associated with acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children in Toronto, and they show that this virus is disseminated in the air.
Insights
Parainfluenza 1 virus is the leading cause of acute laryngotracheobronchitis in young children. This study found the virus present in the air around infected children, indicating airborne transmission.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pediatric Respiratory Illnesses
Background:
- Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is a common respiratory illness in young children.
- Myxoviruses are frequently implicated in pediatric respiratory infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the viral agents responsible for acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children.
- To investigate the potential for airborne transmission of these viruses.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of viruses from nasopharyngeal secretions of 300 children with LTB.
- Air sampling around infected children using an Andersen sampler.
- Identification of isolated viral strains, including parainfluenza and influenza B viruses.
Main Results:
- Parainfluenza 1 virus was the most frequently isolated agent (150 strains) from children with LTB.
- Parainfluenza 1 virus was detected in air samples collected near an infected child.
- Peak virus isolation occurred in January, suggesting seasonal patterns.
Conclusions:
- Parainfluenza 1 virus is the dominant cause of acute laryngotracheobronchitis in Toronto children.
- Airborne dissemination of parainfluenza 1 virus is confirmed, highlighting a potential transmission route.