[Identification of risk factors and prevention strategies for perioperative stroke]

Perioperative stroke refers to embolic, thrombotic, or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease occurring during surgery or within 30 days postoperatively, which can lead to disability or death in patients. This review systematically describes the pathogenesis, risk factor identification, and prevention and treatment strategies for perioperative stroke. The pathogenesis of perioperative ischemic stroke involves multiple pathological processes including thromboembolism, hemodynamic disturbances, inflammatory responses, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Risk factors include patient-related factors, surgical factors, and anesthesia management factors. Prevention strategies emphasize preoperative precise identification of high-risk patients using risk assessment tools and predictive models, optimizing control of underlying diseases; intraoperative maintenance of hemodynamic stability, implementation of cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring, and timely detection of cerebral ischemia; postoperative establishment of neurological function monitoring systems, adoption of standardized stroke screening tools to achieve early identification and timely intervention. Establishing multidisciplinary collaboration mechanisms, implementing effective perioperative management, and exploring novel neuroprotective targets and intervention strategies are key to reducing perioperative stroke incidence and improving patient outcomes.