Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 24, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
Published on: September 19, 2019
Longitudinal associations between parental trauma-related symptoms and adolescent emotion regulation: a three-wave
Shooroq Maberah1, Mohammed Abu Al-Rub2
1Department of Psychological and Family Counseling, College of Educational Sciences, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan.
Introduction:
Intergenerational trauma research has often treated transmission as unidirectional and static, overlooking dyadic and reciprocal processes. This study applied a three-wave longitudinal Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to examine bidirectional associations between parental trauma-related symptoms and adolescent emotion regulation (ER) difficulties.
Methods:
A total of 247 parent-adolescent dyads from Syrian refugee and Jordanian host-community families in Jordan completed three waves over six months. Parents reported lifetime trauma at T1; both parents and adolescents reported ER difficulties at T1, T2, and T3. Distinguishable-dyad APIMs estimated autoregressive, actor, and partner effects with FIML and covariates.
Results:
Parental trauma at T1 significantly predicted offspring ER difficulties at T2 (β = 0.23), mediated longitudinally by parent ER at T2. Offspring ER at T1 also predicted parent ER at T2 (β = 0.12), but this child-driven effect did not persist to T3. Refugee status did not moderate the transmission paths.
Discussion:
Intergenerational trauma appears to operate as a dynamically co-constructed dyadic process. Findings support process-focused, dyadic interventions rather than treating adolescents in isolation.
Related Concept Videos
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Attachment Styles
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth. This guiding role...