Non-haematologic alloimmune manifestations following paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case series

Non-haematological alloimmune manifestations following haematopoeitic stem cell transplant are rare, but contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in paediatric transplant recipients. Current literature is limited to case reports of individual patients. Often, diagnosis can be challenging and conditions require multiple lines of therapy. We describe three unique cases of non-haematological alloimmune manifestations from a single centre in the UK, which demonstrates the breadth of alloimmunity in paediatric transplant patients from isolated single organ disease, to widespread systemic alloimmune disease necessitating second haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Early consideration of such manifestations is essential to facilitate appropriate diagnosis and initiation of targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes.