Electrically reconfigurable dipolar polaritons with highly tunable nonlinearity in a homobilayer microcavity

Active control over optical nonlinearity in solid-state systems is central to unlocking exotic many-body phenomena and photonic devices. While exciton-polaritons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer a promising platform, their practical utility is impeded by fixed interactions and a trade-off between nonlinearity and oscillator strength. Here, we report electrically tunable dipolar polaritons in a dual-gated bilayer MoS₂ microcavity, demonstrating in situ reshaping of the dispersion and modulation of the light-matter coupling strength via the quantum-confined Stark effect. Crucially, this electrical control yields a seven-fold enhancement of the polariton-polariton interaction strength. This enhancement arises from the combined tuning of the effective exciton-exciton interaction and the excitonic Hopfield coefficient. In addition, electrostatic doping provides an independent knob to continuously drive a strong-to-weak coupling crossover. Our findings establish dual-gated TMD homobilayer as a versatile platform for on-chip, dynamically reconfigurable nonlinear light-matter physics.