Flash Laser Heating of Sn Single-Atom Reconstructed Graphene toward Multifunctional Thermal Management

Battery power loss, sluggish sensor response, and surface icing in low-temperature environments demand flexible and efficient thermal management materials. Here, we propose a flash-laser heating strategy to fabricate Sn single-atom anchored laser-induced graphene (Sn-SA@LIG) on a polyimide substrate. A secondary femtosecond laser treatment simultaneously enables Sn precursor decomposition, carbon framework reconstruction, and single-atom anchoring. Atomically dispersed Sn is incorporated into the graphitized carbon network, regulating defect electronic states and enhancing carrier transport. Meanwhile, the porous architecture promotes electrothermal conversion and infrared radiation. The optimized Sn-SA@LIG exhibits rapid and stable Joule heating at low voltages, achieving an electrothermal temperature rise coefficient of ∼204.64 °C·cm2·W-1 and an average infrared emissivity of 96.22%. It delivers efficient thermal output through both contact and radiative heating, demonstrating strong potential as a low-voltage thermal management material for extreme low-temperature environments.