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Updated: Oct 25, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
Published on: February 11, 2012
Germyl Radical Cyclization of N-Propargyl Aromatic Amines with Germanes: A Concise Route to Germanium-Containing
Yue Zhang1, Yanjun Wu1, Haibin Xiao1
1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis and Adsorption Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang321004, China.
Abstract:
Quinolines represent a privileged class of heterocyclic scaffolds widely prevalent in biologically active natural products and marketed pharmaceuticals. Despite their significance, the synthesis of germanium-substituted quinolines through germyl radical cyclization has remained unexplored to date. Herein, we report a dilauroyl peroxide (LPO)-mediated cascade protocol involving germylation, cyclization, and aromatization of N-propargyl aromatic amines with germanes, enabling efficient construction of 3-germanium-substituted quinolines. This transformation proceeds via a radical pathway and features high regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic investigations indicate that cleavage of the Ge-H bond serves as the rate-determining step.
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