Understanding partial hospitalization programs (PHPs): Intermediate mental health care between clinic and hospital

Pediatric partial hospitalization programs (PHPs), often called day treatment programs, provide intensive behavioral health treatment for children and adolescents who need more support than traditional outpatient services but do not require inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. As PHPs become increasingly common, pediatricians are more likely to encounter patients who may benefit from this level of care, yet many providers remain unfamiliar with how these programs operate and when referral is appropriate. This article provides a practical overview of pediatric PHPs, including program structure, treatment goals, and core services such as psychiatric care, individual and group therapy, family involvement, safety monitoring, and school support. Common referral concerns are reviewed, including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation without imminent risk, self-harm, emotional dysregulation, trauma-related disorders, and school refusal. The article also offers guidance on level-of-care decision-making, highlighting clinical situations in which outpatient treatment, PHP, or inpatient psychiatric care may be most appropriate. Particular attention is given to the pediatrician's role in identifying youth who may benefit from referral, collaborating with behavioral health teams, and supporting patients and families throughout treatment and discharge. A better understanding of pediatric PHPs can help pediatricians make informed referral decisions, improve care coordination, and connect youth with timely, appropriate behavioral health services.