Stress-engineered 0.34 nm graphene memristors for low-power probabilistic computing

Memristors are promising for neuromorphic computing electronics, yet scaling is hindered by the difficulty of fabricating ordered nanoscale electrodes. Here, we report an angstrom-scale graphene-edge memristor with a geometrically defined 0.34 × 0.34 nm² crossed-electrode area. Key to this achievement is our stress-distribution-based technique that enables intact graphene transfer onto smooth vertical sidewalls without damage. Combining this technique with chemical mechanical polishing and wafer-level bonding, we demonstrated an angstrom scaled memristor based on a geometrically defined 0.34 × 0.34 nm² crossed-graphene-edge electrode area, which exhibits a switching ratio exceeding 10³ and volatile characteristics. The device also demonstrated significant low-power (370 nW) potential in the demonstration of the probabilistic bits system. Our work establishes a viable strategy for high-density memristor arrays and introduces a mechanical approach for manipulating 2D materials in unconventional geometries and integrating them into next-generation nanodevices.