Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the pressure ulcer management self-efficacy scale for nurses

Pressure ulcers are significant healthcare challenges that threaten patient safety, increase healthcare costs, and serve as important indicators of the quality of nursing care. Nurses' perceived self-efficacy regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management is an important psychological construct that may influence their confidence in performing relevant clinical tasks. However, a valid and reliable instrument is needed to assess nurses' perceived self-efficacy regarding pressure ulcer management in Turkey. This methodological study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Pressure Ulcer Management Self-Efficacy Scale for Nurses (PUM-SES).

The study included 197 nurses working at the X Health Practice and Research Hospital. Linguistic validity was established using a forward-backward translation procedure, and content validity was evaluated using the Davis technique. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, item-total correlation analyses, and test-retest methods.

The sample size was adequate for factor analysis (KMO = 0.926; Bartlett's χ² = 2001.338, p < 0.001). The Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.97. The EFA supported a four-factor structure that explained 72.22% of the total variance. CFA demonstrated an acceptable-to-good model fit, with improved fit indices following model modification (χ²/df = 1.55; CFI = 0.993; GFI = 0.962; AGFI = 0.917; RMSEA = 0.053). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.958), with subdimension reliability coefficients ranging from 0.893 to 0.914. Test-retest analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.842, p < 0.001), supporting the temporal stability of the Turkish version of the PUM-SES. In addition, PUM-SES scores were significantly positively correlated with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scores.

The Turkish version of the PUM-SES is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nurses' perceived self-efficacy regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management. The scale may facilitate the standardized assessment of perceived self-efficacy in clinical practice, nursing education, and research. However, as the instrument measures perceived self-efficacy rather than objective competence, observed clinical performance, quality of care, or patient outcomes, its findings should be interpreted within the scope of perceived self-efficacy.