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Length Scale Coordination Between Effective Electron Diffusion and Light-Emitting Boosts Electrochemiluminescence
Yuhua Hou1, Ran Chen1, Xinzhou Huang2
1Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Abstract:
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), the emission of light excited by electrochemical reactions, has drawn attention as a powerful tool for bioassays and environmental monitoring. Nonetheless, a limited understanding of the bulk electron transport (ET) process in solid-state ECL emitters, particularly the mismatch between the electron diffusion length (Ln) at the photoelectrode and the light-emitting layer thickness (d), significantly undermines the ECL efficiency (ΦECL) and impedes practical applications. Herein, we report Ln/d as a quantitative impedance-derived kinetic-matching descriptor of bulk electron transport in solid-state ECL systems, and an empirical Ln/d range (0.9-1.2) for achieving high ECL efficiency is identified from the slope behavior of temporal ECL evolution curves. This strategy was further confirmed experimentally across different ECL systems, including metal-organic frameworks (MOF), poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), and carbon nitride with tunable band structures. The optimal Ln/d ratio range enabled superior electron transport and mass transfer, yielding a record-high cathodic ECL efficiency for carbon nitride (CN) and enabling a visual tetracycline (TC) sensor with an excellent detection range and limit.
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