Current Therapeutic Approaches to Peri-Implant Diseases: A Narrative Review

Dental implants provide durable rehabilitation of partial and complete edentulism, but their retention does not exclude biological complications. Peri-implant mucositis is a biofilm-associated inflammatory condition confined to the soft tissues, whereas peri-implantitis involves inflammation and progressive supporting bone loss. This narrative review examines contemporary therapeutic approaches in the context of diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevalence, and patient-related and local risk modifiers. Literature identified through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus between April and July 2026 was supplemented by targeted searches during revision in October 2026. Clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and relevant clinical studies inform the synthesis. Mechanical biofilm control and correction of plaque-retentive conditions underpin treatment. Peri-implantitis management proceeds from nonsurgical care to surgical evaluation when inflammatory endpoints are not achieved, with procedure selection guided by defect morphology, implant position, restorative access, and treatment response. Recent trials suggest benefits for selected reconstructive and decontamination approaches, but radiographic gains do not consistently translate into disease resolution. Medication-associated implant failure is distinguished from evidence of peri-implantitis, and quantitative glycemic and smoking findings are interpreted cautiously. Prevention and supportive care are incorporated as components of sustained disease control. Longer comparative studies with standardized outcomes remain necessary to establish durable benefits and appropriate indications for adjunctive therapies.