Multivalent Adhesive Probe Atomic Force Microscopy (MAPA) for accessing dispersive adhesion of cells and biosurfaces

Adhesion of cells is the key factor determining functioning of multicellular organisms. Viscoelastic properties of cells can be studied by multiple methods. However, attractiveness of cells or extracellular matrix without the elastic component (dispersive adhesion) is not accessible. We present an extension of force spectrometry technology: the Multivalent Adhesive Probe Atomic Force Microscopy (MAPA) that delivers dispersive adhesion maps of live cells and biosurfaces, and identifies differences unresolved by viscoelastic probing.