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Canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

S K Liu, B J Maron, L P Tilley

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |April 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Necropsy revealed that 10 dogs with cardiac disease exhibited features similar to human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ventricular septum thickening was a key finding, suggesting a potential canine model for this condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Cardiology
    • Comparative Pathology

    Background:

    • Naturally occurring cardiac disease in dogs can present complex pathologies.
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a significant cardiac condition in humans and felines.
    • Understanding canine cardiac disease aids comparative medical research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize necropsy findings in dogs with naturally occurring cardiac disease.
    • To compare canine cardiac pathology with human and feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
    • To evaluate the potential of canine cardiac disease as a model for HCM research.

    Main Methods:

    • Necropsy was performed on 10 dogs with naturally occurring cardiac disease.
    • Cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular septum thickness were measured.

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  • Histopathological examination of cardiac muscle cells was conducted.
  • Clinical history, including cause of death and presence of congestive heart failure, was reviewed.

    • Main Results:

    • All 10 dogs exhibited marked cardiac hypertrophy.
    • Eight dogs showed disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum relative to the left ventricular free wall (septum-to-free wall thickness ratios 1.1–1.5).
    • Only 2 dogs had marked cardiac muscle cell disorganization in the ventricular septum, a hallmark of human HCM.
    • Five dogs died during anesthesia, 3 died unexpectedly, and 4 showed signs of congestive heart failure.
    • Electrocardiographic evidence of complete heart block was found in 3 dogs.

    Conclusions:

    • Naturally occurring cardiac disease in these dogs closely resembles human and feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, particularly regarding cardiac hypertrophy and septal thickening.
    • While significant septal thickening is present, the characteristic cellular disorganization of human HCM was less common in this canine cohort.
    • These findings suggest that certain canine cardiac diseases may serve as valuable models for studying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in comparative medicine.